Fasahar Gudanarwa
Nikayana nufin hanyar sarrafawa ta yin amfani da kayan aikin abrasive da abrasive don cire abubuwan da suka wuce gona da iri daga kayan aikin. Dangane da dalilai daban-daban da buƙatun tsari, akwai nau'ikan hanyoyin sarrafa niƙa da yawa. Domin saduwa da buƙatun ci gaba, fasahar niƙa tana haɓakawa zuwa daidaito, ƙarancin ƙazanta, babban inganci, babban sauri da niƙa ta atomatik.
Akwai da yawa siffofinsarrafa nikahanyoyin. A cikin samarwa, galibi yana nufin niƙa da dabaran niƙa. Don sauƙaƙe amfani da gudanarwa, hanyoyin sarrafa nika ya kasu kashi hudu bisa ga siffofin sarrafa nika na kayan masarufi:
1. A cewarniƙadaidaito, ana iya raba shi zuwa m nika, Semi lafiya nika, lafiya nika, madubi nika da ultra-lafiya machining;
2. Yanke cikin niƙa, niƙa mai tsayi, niƙa mai rarrafe, niƙa mara abinci, niƙa akai-akai, da niƙa mai ƙididdigewa ana rarraba su gwargwadon tsarin abinci.
3. Dangane da nau'in niƙa, ana iya raba shi zuwa niƙa bel, niƙa marar tsakiya, niƙa ƙarshen, niƙa na gefe, niƙa mai faɗi, niƙa profile, profiling nika, oscillating niƙa, niƙa mai sauri, niƙa mai ƙarfi, niƙa akai-akai. niƙa da hannu, busasshiyar niƙa, jiƙa, niƙa, honing, da sauransu
4. Bisa ga machined surface, shi za a iya raba cylindrical nika, ciki nika, surface nika da nika (gear nika da thread nika)
Bugu da ƙari, akwai hanyoyi da yawa don rarrabewa. Misali, bisa ga nau'ikan kayan aikin nika da ake amfani da su wajen nika, ana iya raba su zuwa: hanyoyin nika don ƙwaƙƙwaran kayan aikin daɗaɗɗa da kayan aikin abrasive kyauta. Hanyoyin niƙa don ƙwaƙƙwaran kayan aikin abrasive sun haɗa da dabaran niƙa, honing, abrasive bel nika, electrolytic nika, da dai sauransu; Hanyoyin machining na niƙa kyauta sun haɗa da niƙa, gogewa, injin jet, kwararar abrasive.inji, vibration machining, da dai sauransu bisa ga mikakke gudun Vs na nika dabaran, shi za a iya raba zuwa: talakawa nika Vs<45m/s, high-gudun nika Vs<= 45m/s, da ultra-high gudun nika>= 150m/s. Bisa ga sabon yanayin fasaha, ana iya raba shi zuwa: Magnetic nika, electrochemical polishing, da dai sauransu.
(7) Lokacin aiwatar da ayyukan hannu kusa da dabaran niƙa, kamar kayan aikin niƙa, kayan aikin tsaftacewa ko hanyoyin gyaran dabaran da ba daidai ba, hannayen ma'aikata na iya taɓa ƙafar niƙa ko wasu sassa masu motsi na niƙa kuma su ji rauni.
(8) Matsakaicin amo da aka haifar yayin niƙa zai iya kaiwa fiye da 110dB. Idan ba a dauki matakan rage surutu ba, lafiyar kuma za ta yi tasiri.